Tooth sensitivity is a temporary sharp pain or discomfort in one or more teeth in response to certain stimuli. Sensitivity commonly occurs when consuming cold, hot, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks, or even when exposed to cold air. While often temporary, sensitivity can significantly impact one’s quality of life if left untreated.
Cause
Tooth sensitivity occurs when the protective enamel layer is lost, exposing the underlying tooth structure called dentin. There are several reasons for dentin exposure including:
- Tooth decay
- Acidic food and beverages
- Brushing too hard
- Teeth grinding
- Cracked teeth
- Gum recession
- Use of teeth whitening products
- Use of abrasive agents to clean teeth
- Recent dental work
Treatment
There are several options to tackle dentin hypersensitivity. Some of these are self-administered while some need to be done by a dentist. However, it is always advised to get a dental check up done to know the cause of sensitivity. Common treatments include:
- Desensitising toothpastes and gels: These are available over the counter and contain ingredients that temporarily block the pain sensation in the tooth or help to cover the exposed tooth.
- Clove oil: Applying clove oil to the sensitive tooth helps to reduce the discomfort.
- Fluoride treatment: Applying fluoride varnish can help to relieve teeth sensitivity.
- Restoration: Replacing lost tooth structure by a filling helps to stop sensitivity.
- Bite guard: Using a bite guard to protect teeth from grinding reduces the stress on the dental enamel.
- Root canal treatment: In severe cases of tooth sensitivity, if the nerve inside the tooth is affected, root canal therapy may be necessary to alleviate the sensitivity.
Prevention
There are a few simple things that can be done to prevent teeth sensitivity. These include:
- Brushing technique: Using a proper brushing technique with correct pressure and a soft toothbrush ensures protection of the enamel layer.
- Fluoride Toothpaste: Fluoride strengthens enamel and helps protect against decay and sensitivity.
- Diet: Reduce your intake of acidic items such as sodas, lemon juice, wine, etc. and rinse your mouth with water afterwards to neutralize the acid. Avoid biting excessive hard food to prevent cracks in the teeth.
- Gap between eating and brushing: Avoid brushing after eating for at least 45 minutes to help restore the pH of your saliva.
- Wear a Mouthguard: If you grind your teeth, use a custom-fitted mouthguard to prevent enamel wear.
- Dental check-up: Get a cleaning and check-up done six monthly to treat any gum infection, cavities or chipped teeth.
When should you seek immediate dental assistance?
See your dentist immediately if the sensitivity is severe or if the sensitivity lingers long after the triggering agent is removed.
Conclusion
Teeth sensitivity is a common dental problem affecting several people worldwide. It can be easily prevented and treated. While there are several over the counter options to relieve tooth sensitivity, always get a check up done to assess and cure the underlying cause. Following proper diet and brushing protocol will help to protect enamel and prevent sensitivity. Visit your dentist every six months to identify potential issues early.
